Are there different types of tissue grafts for periodontics?
Gingival or gum grafting is a procedure which aims to thicken the gingiva or treat receding gums. Grafting is used for various issues such as reinforcing the teeth and gums, or treating increased sensitivity from recession. Various procedures are considered to gingival grafting umbrella and the idea treatment will vary based factors such as the amount of damage, and health of the tissue and bone. This article will review various forms of grafting which ca be used.
Free Gingival Graft
A free gingival graft is designed to help strengthen and reinforce the gums in areas where they are weak or receding. Patients with receding gums are at an increased risk for tooth loss as the gums secure the teeth in place. In addition, the gums help cover the roots of the teeth, protecting them from infection and preventing them from being exposed. Periodontists are able to remove a piece of tissue from the roof of the mouth, and graft it over areas of the gums which are weak and receding. Once healed, the gums are stronger and fuller. A free gingival graft is used to augment the tissue and prevent additional gum recession and bone loss.
Connective Tissue Graft
Connective Tissue Grafts (CTG) are the most common types of gingival grafting which is performed. Rather than obtaining the outer layer of tissue from the roof of the mouth, the periodontist obtains the material from the deeper, connective tissue layer. The goal of a CTG is to cover recession and thicken the gingival tissue. The periodontist may select this type of graft to improve the appearance of the gums or to reduce sensitivity.
Alloderm Graft
The periodontist may recommend the use of donor tissue rather than relocating the patient’s own tissue. An alloderm graft is similar to the connective tissue graft, but is used when the patient does not have adequate tissue to obtain from the palate or if the patient has other concerns.
Pedicle Graft
A pedicle graft uses a piece of gums which is located next to the spot which requires additional tissue. During this procedure, the tissue is essentially rotated in the desired location to conceal the recession. This method aids in maintaining the original connection, while covering the affected area. A challenge with pedicle grafting is that the patient must have a surplus of tissue near the receding gums. Most patients do not experience recession on a single tooth and it affects multiple teeth. Patients who have a single tooth with gum recession are often good candidates for a pedicle graft.
Gingival grafting does not require the patient to fast or modify their diet prior to the procedure. Immediately following the procedure, patients should avoid brushing on or around the treated area to ensure it is not damaged. The patient should consume softer foods for a day or two while the gums heal.
Patients who are concerned they may require a grafting procedure should follow up with their dental professional for a referral or to schedule a consultation.