Clinically called open gingival embrasures, the visible black triangles of open space that appear between two teeth at the gum line are more commonly, and understandably, known as black triangles. Black triangles form for a couple of different reasons, though the two most common indicators of whether black triangles will develop are the condition of the gum tissue and the shape of the teeth. While gum health is within our control, tooth shape isn’t, and some of the other causes of black triangles are also beyond our control. Black triangles aren’t necessarily an indication that something is wrong with the gums, but they could point to an issue that needs treatment and should always be evaluated by a dental professional so that any necessary treatment is prompt and comprehensive.

When black triangles are a result of gum disease, they are just one of several indicators that comprehensive periodontal treatment is needed. In cases of gum disease, these seemingly innocent triangular spaces could indicate that the bone around a tooth has begun to deteriorate, or they could be caused by gingival inflammation that leads to gum recession. In either case, leaving gum disease untreated allows damage and inflammation to spread throughout the oral tissues and destroy the oral tissues and the teeth. Noticing and addressing black triangles could mean preventing the ravages of gum disease from continuing while restoring and preserving oral health.

Gum recession isn’t only caused by gum disease, but gum recession, no matter the cause, can support the formation of black triangles. Gum recession can be caused by aggressive brushing or flossing, which creates excessive friction that can naturally damage delicate gum tissue. Some patients have particularly delicate gum tissue that is more prone to damage, but even normal gum tissue can be irritated by improper brushing, leading to recession and black triangles. Your dental hygienist can walk you through the proper techniques for gentle yet thorough brushing and flossing, and your dentist will monitor your gum tissue at each appointment, measuring the gums to determine if this change in habits is effective at saving the gums. The gums can also recede because of the irritation of tobacco smoke or other irritants, which can gradually cause black triangles to form.

Black triangles can also form naturally as the gum tissue weakens while we age. Of course, aging is normal and should be celebrated, and maintaining a nutritious diet and healthy habits can help keep the gum tissue and all the body’s tissues supple and strong. It may be possible to stop black triangles from progressing when they do show up, and it’s certainly possible to repair them; it’s always worth it to talk to your dentist if you’re concerned about black triangles that are developing as you age – or for any other reason.

While black triangles can indicate gum disease and may seem to be a largely aesthetic issue, the reality is that these tiny gaps can increase the risk of gum disease and tooth decay, as they are perfectly placed to serve as traps for food debris and breeding grounds for bacterial plaque and tartar. It can be challenging to effectively and thoroughly clean these crevices, and careful attention should be paid when brushing and flossing; you should also make sure to see your dentist regularly for monitoring and professional cleaning when you have black triangles. Sometimes, black triangles form simply because of the shape of a person’s teeth or because of the repositioning of the teeth in orthodontic treatment. While these cases may not point to an underlying issue, they can still foster excessive bacteria and promote tooth decay regardless of their cause, and regular dental checkups are still important. Even when black triangles are normal, they require some special attention and provide yet another great reason to see your dentist for regular checkups and cleanings.

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