Is Gum Discoloration Reversible?
In some people, the gums appear dark or discolored naturally, due simply to genetics, while in other cases, dark or hyperpigmented gums are caused by underlying medical conditions or external causes. No matter the cause, gum discoloration can lead to cosmetic concerns, prompting people to avoid smiling with confidence or speaking enthusiastically as they try to hide their dark gums. Because there are several factors that can lead to gum discoloration and each case is unique, it’s impossible to say whether gum discoloration is reversible in every case. When external causes like smoking, poor dental hygiene practices, or medications affect the pigmentation of the gums, the condition is more likely to be reversible than when the cause is internal. Regardless of the cause, however, gum discoloration is treatable, and the color of the gums can be modified with a few different treatments.
What Are the Causes of Gum Discoloration?
In many people, gum tissue may appear brown, purple, or dark gray, verging on black, simply for genetic reasons. This is often the case in people with higher levels of melanin, which leads to darker skin and darker tissues overall. When the cause of gum discoloration is genetic in this way, the condition cannot be reversed, but it can be treated with gum lightening procedures. Poor oral hygiene is another common contributor to gum discoloration, causing the gums to appear swollen and red when allowed to progress without treatment. If infection in the gums persists, it could cause the external layers of gum tissue to die; as this tissue necrotizes, it turns gray or black, becoming painfully ulcerated and increasing the threat of systemic infection. The primary course of treatment for gum discoloration caused by advanced gum disease is to treat the gum disease, removing infected tissue and deep-cleaning oral cavity; once the tissues are restored to health, the color of the gums returns to its vibrant pink state. Smoking or otherwise using tobacco can also lead to discoloration of the gums, which will persist if the habit continues. Certain medications, especially some antidepressants, antihistamines, and blood pressure medications, may lead to issues with the gums, including changes in pigmentation, as can some medical conditions and diseases.
How Can Gum Discoloration Be Reversed?
To reverse or treat gum discoloration, a dentist must first determine the cause of the condition. Even when gum discoloration is irreversible, it is treatable; if you are bothered by the natural color of your gums, know that they can be lightened with one of a few treatments. When gum discoloration is caused by poor oral hygiene, or when it arises because of tobacco use, habit modification may help reverse this discoloration and restore the healthy appearance of the gums, though complementary lightening treatments can help support these changes as the tissues return to health. If the gums appear hyperpigmented because of systemic diseases or medical conditions, managing the condition could improve the appearance of the gums; again, complementary cosmetic procedures can further enhance their appearance. Supporting the overall health with a balanced diet, rich with vitamins and minerals, can also help stimulate the health of the gums. When discoloration cannot be reversed through healthier habits and behaviors, cosmetic dental procedures, like bleaching procedures or laser treatments, can effectively lighten the gum tissues, though any underlying medical conditions or damaging habits should be addressed before such cosmetic treatments A consultation with a dental professional will help you learn the best approach to reversing or treating your gum discoloration.